What eye diseases affect people with diabetes?

Diabetes is a metabolic ailment that affects the blood vessels that bring oxygen to all body tissues. The most affected organs are usually the kidneys and eyes. 80% of diabetics develop one of the following eye diseases 10 years after being diagnosed:

  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma

They usually result from improper diabetic control and can be prevented by monitoring and keeping your blood glucose in check.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a common eye disease and primary cause of blindness in diabetic adults. The retinal blood vessels can be permanently damaged and leak fluid. The earlier stage is nonproliferative retinopathy and if left untreated, abnormal growth of blood vessels in the retina can occur and cause more extensive damage to the eye.
With our current medical technology, most patients with diabetic retinopathy do not progress to the stage of severe visual impairments. To prevent severe visual impairments, contact your doctor if you experience one of these symptoms:

  • Blurriness
  • Difficulty to perceive colors
  • Floating spots in your visual field
  • Darker areas in your visual field

Macular Edema

In macular edema, the blood vessels of the retina leak plasma and fluid and cause swelling of the eye. This is associated with the following symptoms:

  • Blurred vision located at the center of the visual field
  • Difficulty to read
  • Difficulty to distinguish colors

These symptoms can improve with laser treatments, by directing a laser to the trouble areas to seal the damaged blood vessels and prevent further leaking. This also reduces the abnormal formation of new blood vessels and risk of retinal detachment. It should be considered as an option in the early phase of the disease to prevent future cases of severe visual impairment.

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Cataracts

Although potentially accelerated for diabetic patients, cataracts present the same as they do for all patients - cloudiness of the lens in the eye. It often causes these symptoms:

  • Blurred vision
  • Fading or yellowish color perception
  • Reduced visual acuity at night
  • A higher sensitivity to lights or glare
  • Constant changes in eyeglasses prescription

Glaucoma

Glaucoma results due to the eye’s inability to drain natural fluid which in turn causes an increase in pressure on the inside of the eye. This can lead to pain and blurred vision as the blood vessels and surrounding nerves in the eye become compressed. The most common form of glaucoma is open-angle glaucoma, which can be treated with medication so that the eye can properly drain and alleviate the pressure. This type of glaucoma typically has no symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred as it develops slowly.

Who is at risk of diabetic eye disease?

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